The Neskowin Ghost Forest is the remnants of a Sitka spruce forest on the Oregon Coast of the United States. The stumps were likely created when an earthquake of the Cascadia subduction zone abruptly lowered the trees, that were then covered by mud from landslides or debris from a tsunami.[1] Although many local geologists believe this ghost forest (and others on the Pacific NW coast) were caused by gradual dune encroachment, meaning sand dunes built up and covered the Sitka trees – not in an abrupt drop.[2][3] Many of the stumps are over 2,000 years old, preserved by the salt water, which does not favor lignin-decomposing fungus.[4]